|
Salem County is a county located in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Its western boundary is formed by the Delaware River and it has the eastern terminus of the Delaware Memorial Bridge, connecting to New Castle, Delaware. Its county seat is Salem.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-06-07 )〕 The county is part of the Delaware Valley area. As of the 2010 Census, the county's population was 66,083,〔 increasing by 1,798 (+2.8%) from the 64,285 counted in the 2000 Census,〔 retaining its position as the state's least populous county.〔(NJ Labor Market Views ), New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, March 15, 2011. Accessed October 6, 2013.〕〔 The most populous place was Pennsville Township, with 13,409 residents at the time of the 2010 Census. Lower Alloways Creek Township covers , the largest total area of any municipality.〔 ==History== European settlement began with English colonists in the seventeenth century, who were settling both sides of the Delaware River. They established a colonial court in the area in 1681, but Salem County was first formally organized within West Jersey on May 17, 1694, from the Salem Tenth. Pittsgrove Township was transferred to Cumberland County in April 1867, but was restored to Salem County in February 1868.〔Snyder, John P. (''The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968'' ), Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 120. Accessed October 30, 2012.〕 The area was initially settled by Quakers. The Old Salem County Courthouse, situated on the same block as the Salem County Courthouse, serves as the court for Salem City in the 21st century. It is the oldest active courthouse in New Jersey and is the second oldest courthouse in continuous use in the United States, the oldest being King William County Courthouse in Virginia.〔(Welcome to King William County )〕 The courthouse was built in 1735 during the reign of King George II using locally manufactured bricks.〔(Welcome to Salem, New Jersey )〕 The building was enlarged in 1817 and additionally enlarged and remodeled in 1908. Its distinctive bell tower is essentially unchanged and the original bell sits in the courtroom. Judge William Hancock of the King's Court presided at the courthouse.〔(William Hancock House, Hancocks Bridge, New Jersey ), Cup O'Jersey - South Jersey History〕 He was later killed by the British in the American Revolutionary War during the massacre at Hancock House committed by the British against local militia during the Salem Raid in 1778. Afterward the courthouse was the site of the "treason trials," wherein suspected Loyalists were put on trial for having allegedly aided the British during the Salem Raid. Four men were convicted and sentenced to death for treason; however, they were pardoned by Governor William Livingston and exiled from New Jersey. The courthouse is also the site of the legend of Colonel Robert Gibbon Johnson's proving the edibility of the tomato. Before 1820, Americans often assumed tomatoes were poisonous. In 1820, Colonel Johnson, according to legend, stood upon the courthouse steps and ate tomatoes in front of a large crowd assembled to watch him do so.〔"The Story of Robert Gibbon Johnson and the Tomato", ''The History Highway'' of the Salem County Historical Society. May 2005. Accessed August 13, 2007. 〕 Salem County is notable for its distinctive Quaker-inspired architecture and masonry styles of the 18th century. It had a rural and agricultural economy. In the early 20th century, its towns received numerous immigrants from eastern and southern Europe, who markedly added to the population. In the period following World War II, the county's population increased due to suburban development. To accommodate increasing traffic, the Delaware Memorial Bridge was built from Salem County to New Castle, Delaware. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Salem County, New Jersey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|